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RT @albefero: @MobsVideo and @Jelurida on stage in 30 minutes for the start up pitch competition, #HardFork2018 So glad to be here with the…


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RT @trifficworld: Triffic uses geolocation to place augmented reality beacons anywhere in the world. These beacons can contain GPS Tokens,…


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RT @Bit_Swift: All aspects of #Bitswift are blooming. Our #Forging pool now has 20 active forgers and weight of 6.2 million $ARDR. Our cryp…


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RT @TarascaD: Third day of #auctions! Here you have a photograph of the #Tulpar painting. Waiting for your bid! #auctionsInArdor $ARDR $Ign…


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REDDIT

Will the Jelurida/Ardor team run out of cash?

With the deep decline of bitcoin and ether, I know of various high profile blockchain projects that have poorly managed their working capital (convert to fiat to pay operational costs). It would be good to hear from the Jelurida/Ardor team as to whether they have enough run-way to complete their development roadmap or whether they are seeking VC funding.

/r/Ardor
Dec. 12, 2018, 12:32 p.m.
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TWITTER

RT @johnvanrijck: Congrats to @ArdorPlatform & @Jelurida on Ardor being selected as our Whitepaper of the Week 🙌💯 Ardor is a full blockchai…


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TWITTER

#Ardor is Whitepaper of the week at the Largest #Crypto #Whitepaper Database thanks to @johnvanrijck!… https://t.co/Co6HuWpNFX


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TWITTER

Busy days ahead: #Jelurida was selected by IE Venture Network to pitch on Dec13 in Madrid and today we will present… https://t.co/L6exnUfGdf


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TWITTER

RT @efunkonline: @ChardyBTC Also good time to do some learning about t! https://t.co/ulQY2m6EXg https://t.co/X1oEsPF8cb


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TWITTER

RT @IGNISguide: The world is your oyster when using #Ignis Messaging. Send basic text messages between accounts, or use the "arbitrary" mes…


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TWITTER

What a beautiful morning for #crypto #xmasshopping. When our small kids have grown into adults, maybe regulations w… https://t.co/ZRjduDze3m


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REDDIT

My Investing Note on Ardor Jan 2018

In Jan 2018, I was doing research on most the top 100 coins to see what they had to offer and to see if I wanted to invest. Here were my notes about Ardor. It was around $2 at the time. Now it is around 5 cents. That is crazy. "ardor, 2b market cap, $2.00 ea, this one might have potential, but I'm having a hard time finding out more about it. everyone buys cryptos based on what they think they will be used for in the future, and how useful they might be, so it is always a gamble. see this chart [https://i.redd.it/k65zrj1xwz701.jpg](https://i.redd.it/k65zrj1xwz701.jpg). it is jan 2018 and i don't think they've launched for real yet. not sure. it seems to be a beta project. it is somehow related to nxt, which i don't know what that it is. these smart contract cryptos are too early in their development to make a proper decision" I didn't invest. The only coin I've ever invested in is NANO (but I've used BTC,LTC,BCH,ETH). I'm down a lot on that of course.

/r/Ardor
Dec. 11, 2018, 4:38 p.m.
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TWITTER

RT @bajodayo: Definitely, the blockchain is needed in #Africa to help combat the Reich and Nazi cabinet of centralization and hidden atroci…


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TWITTER

#Korean $NXT & #Ardor news are back on https://t.co/UAOKVQFHAL. ☀️ Nxter 구독자 여러분 환영합니다. https://t.co/reOwopttuf… https://t.co/UUCtDD0OFg


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REDDIT

Will Ardor follow a similar strategy as melonport? If not, should they?



/r/Ardor
Dec. 11, 2018, 2:19 p.m.
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Nxter News – 2018년 12월 1주차: 햇수가 아닌 친구수로 나이를 세십시오. 눈물이 아닌 웃음으로 인생을 생각해보십시오.

string(4) "page" string(4) "page" string(4) "post" string(4) "page" string(4) "page" string(4) "page" string(4) "post" string(4) "post" string(4) "post" string(4) "post" Nxter News | 2018년 12월 1주차 햇수가 아닌 친구 숫자로 나이를 세십시오. 눈물이 아닌 웃음으로 인생을 생각해 보십시오. Nxter 구독자 여러분 환영합니다. 아이들은 기고나서, 발차기하고, 뛰어다니고 하면서 크게됩니다. 지난주 Nxter News에서 NXT의 5번째 생일을 축하 했었습니다. 그리고 조만간, 12월 25일이 되면 NXT의 또다른 클론의 탄생을 보실 수 있을 겁니다. 우수한 NXT의 유전자를 계승했지만, ... Read more The post Nxter News – 2018년 12월 1주차: 햇수가 아닌 친구수로 나이를 세십시오. 눈물이 아닌 웃음으로 인생을 생각해보십시오. appeared first on NXTER.ORG.

Dec. 11, 2018, 2:14 p.m.
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Nxter News – 2018년 12월 1주차: 햇수가 아닌 친구수로 나이를 세십시오. 눈물이 아닌 웃음으로 인생을 생각해보십시오.

Nxter News | 2018년 12월 1주차 햇수가 아닌 친구 숫자로 나이를 세십시오. 눈물이 아닌 웃음으로 인생을 생각해 보십시오. Nxter 구독자 여러분 환영합니다. 아이들은 기고나서, 발차기하고, 뛰어다니고 하면서 크게됩니다. 지난주 Nxter News에서 NXT의 5번째 생일을 축하 했었습니다. 그리고 조만간, 12월 25일이 되면 NXT의 또다른 클론의 탄생을 보실 수 있을 겁니다. 우수한 NXT의 유전자를 계승했지만, 완전히 다른 ... Read more The post Nxter News – 2018년 12월 1주차: 햇수가 아닌 친구수로 나이를 세십시오. 눈물이 아닌 웃음으로 인생을 생각해보십시오. appeared first on NXTER.ORG.

Dec. 11, 2018, 2:14 p.m.
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TWITTER

Great news! #Jelurida has been selected as a finalist to pitch #Ardor and its revolutionary POS-secured multi-chain… https://t.co/DhBiGImWHX


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TWITTER

The Marketplace & token creation functionality on #Ignis allows businesses like @EZYcountsuisse to manage digital s… https://t.co/ckWBLr9Zwz


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TWITTER

RT @madfox1234: Welcome our @Nxter_org Special Guest — @trifficworld ! Watch their tweets and look for the #nxterworddec2 ! Collect all 14…


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TWITTER

RT @bajodayo: And it was of course a great experience and privilege to present #Ardor ones again to #Africa as we open minds to endless pos…


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TWITTER

RT @MobsVideo: Big news! We've been selected by @tnwevents as one of top ten startups to compete at the Pitch Battle @HardFork Decentralize…


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TWITTER

Imagine the payout: just trick a #POS public #blockchain network into spending funds on a malicious fork using long… https://t.co/ZUdeDNS05o


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Investigating Long Range Attack

Theoretical attack against proof of stakeLong Range — Photo by William Daigneault on UnsplashFor my dedicated readers, I guess you already know what I’m about to say about long-range attacks … but if you need more convincing, read on.Long-range attacks are a popular reason to discredit proof of stake algorithms together with the concept of “Weak Subjectivity”. The idea is that at some point of time (most likely at the Genesis block), an attacker can use the existing state of the blockchain, together with a significant stake of the token balance, to create a chain that is indistinguishable from the real chain. The attacker then tricks users into using his malicious chain instead of the real one.As I previously observed in my article about the “Nothing at Stake” attack, this seemingly simple attack has never been observed in practice. This is of course a strange oddity given what is at stake.Our friend evil Bob, inspired by articles on the subject, decides to launch a long range attack against Nxt. Bob can easily reproduce the state of the chain at any given block height by simply downloading the blockchain up to this height. Now, he needs to get significant stake of the Nxt token at this block height to create a chain with a better difficulty than the real chain.If Bob is a large stake holder and has more than 50% of the stake he can always attack Nxt using a normal 51% attack. So, let’s assume for a start that Bob has no significant Nxt balance at the moment.Luckily for Bob, when Nxt was distributed back in 2013 it was distributed to only 72 lucky stake holders. All Bob has to do is track down these guys and get their account passphrase. In fact, Bob does not need to track all of them - he just needs to get a stake higher than the forging stake at the time of the Genesis block, which was only around 20% of the stake. Finding give or take 5 of the large genesis stake holders and getting their passphrase would be sufficient. Most of these stake holders already moved their funds to another account or sold it, so giving these old account passphrases to Bob would come with little risk. That said, Bob can’t brute force entry to these accounts. This entire attack could end right here if Bob fails to acquire the necessary passphrases to exceed the Genesis staking balance.Consider that the Nxt distribution is a relatively simple case, most proof of stake tokens were distributed to many more accounts at the Genesis block. Ardor, for example, was distributed to more than 100,000 Nxt holders back in 2016. Still, I assume that getting a stake in the blockchain token larger than the forging power at the time of the Genesis block release is possible for a well-funded and powerful attacker like Bob against any proof of stake coin.Equipped with the Genesis block that is available to anyone after installing the Nxt software, and 20% of the stake at the time of the genesis block, Bob starts to forge his own malicious chain. Alas, nothing happens, all other Nxt nodes blacklist his node and any other node already using Bob’s fork. New users never connect to Bob’s node.It appears that the Nxt software implements several simple layers of protection against long-range attacks:The software itself is distributed with a list of bootstrap nodes known to be on the right fork at the time of the release.The Nxt software implements checkpoints of the state of the blockchain at given block heights. Any fork that does not reproduce this exact state is rejected.Transactions use pointers to existing blocks when submitted to the blockchain. These pointers prevent multiple forks from including the same transaction with different block histories.Nodes will never switch to another fork whose chain differs for more than 720 blocks. You can think of it as a rolling checkpoint.As we will see, none of these features provide foolproof protection alone, but put together, they make it very difficult to implement a long-range attack.In my previous article, I explained that it will be very difficult for Bob to create a new version of Nxt which does not implement these protections. Even if he does, other users are very unlikely to use his modified version of the software. Therefore, I conclude that Bob can use a modified version on his own nodes, but to effectively implement any attack against Nxt, he will need to cheat users using the official Nxt software without his modifications.With some effort, Bob can circumvent protection #1 and get his nodes into the list of bootstrap nodes provided with the product. He will need to setup some central nodes and follow the normal chain for a while until some of his nodes make it into the bootstrap list. It would be even more difficult to prevent other nodes from blacklisting his nodes once he starts his attack. Perhaps he can maintain two forks, one honest fork he will show existing nodes connecting to his node, and one malicious fork he will show new users. Implementation of this will be very tricky but still possible.This way, Bob can attract some new users to his malicious fork. Next, Bob will need to circumvent protection #2 - the built in checkpoints. This is impossible unless he can convince new users to use his version of the software, which we assume is unlikely. To workaround this, Bob can try to start his fork after the latest built-in checkpoint. Assuming the latest checkpoint is not too recent this might still be possible using some of the techniques above.Another weakness of Bob’s fork is that it won’t be able to accept existing transactions due to protection #3, which means his fork history will differ significantly from the real chain and this will be simple to detect using any block explorer.Finally, Bob won’t be able to trick existing nodes to move into his malicious fork due to protection #4, the rolling checkpoint.The worst damage Bob can cause is if he is able to convince a large exchange or business to use his fork. But exchanges and businesses can easily protect against this by checking their fork against a well-known block explorer, which is guaranteed to be on the right fork.Which brings up the question, can Bob implement a long-range attack in less than 720 blocks to override protection #4, the rolling checkpoint?For Bob’s attack against the Genesis block or some very old block height, users did not lose much by revealing old account passphrases to Bob. The problem with the short-range attack on recent blocks is that Bob cannot expect anyone to give up their current passphrase without payment. To create the short-range version of the long-range attack, Bob will need to purchase more tokens than the current forging stake, but if he does this, he can just implement a simple 51% attack.To summarize, long-range attack against proof of stake is a theoretical threat effectively mitigated using simple practical steps.PostfaceA common procedure for creating a private/public key pair is to base it on 12 words selected randomly from a dictionary of 1626 words. This is how the Nxt wallet generates a passphrase for a new account. There are roughly 3.41*10³⁸ combinations, slightly more than 2¹²⁸. In cryptographic terms, this provides 128 bits of security considered safe, even against quantum computers, forever.However, if someone can create memory cells from all the 10⁴⁹ Silicon atoms on Earth and use them to store a pre-image of all possible word combinations and their hashes, they can crack every private key based on its public key in a split second. Still, it is considered safe to use 128 bit keys and rightly so. The point is, we tend to accept algorithms as secure even when theoretical attacks against them exist. The same goes for the Nxt’s proof of stake algorithm.

Dec. 10, 2018, 5:23 p.m.
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Investigating Long Range Attack

Theoretical attack against proof of stakeLong Range — Photo by William Daigneault on UnsplashFor my dedicated readers, I guess you already know what I’m about to say about long-range attacks … but if you need more convincing, read on.Long-range attacks are a popular reason to discredit proof of stake algorithms together with the concept of “Weak Subjectivity”. The idea is that at some point of time (most likely at the Genesis block), an attacker can use the existing state of the blockchain, together with a significant stake of the token balance, to create a chain that is indistinguishable from the real chain. The attacker then tricks users into using his malicious chain instead of the real one.As I previously observed in my article about the “Nothing at Stake” attack, this seemingly simple attack has never been observed in practice. This is of course a strange oddity given what is at stake.Our friend evil Bob, inspired by articles on the subject, decides to launch a long range attack against Nxt. Bob can easily reproduce the state of the chain at any given block height by simply downloading the blockchain up to this height. Now, he needs to get significant stake of the Nxt token at this block height to create a chain with a better difficulty than the real chain.If Bob is a large stake holder and has more than 50% of the stake he can always attack Nxt using a normal 51% attack. So, let’s assume for a start that Bob has no significant Nxt balance at the moment.Luckily for Bob, when Nxt was distributed back in 2013 it was distributed to only 72 lucky stake holders. All Bob has to do is track down these guys and get their account passphrase. In fact, Bob does not need to track all of them - he just needs to get a stake higher than the forging stake at the time of the Genesis block, which was only around 20% of the stake. Finding give or take 5 of the large genesis stake holders and getting their passphrase would be sufficient. Most of these stake holders already moved their funds to another account or sold it, so giving these old account passphrases to Bob would come with little risk. That said, Bob can’t brute force entry to these accounts. This entire attack could end right here if Bob fails to acquire the necessary passphrases to exceed the Genesis staking balance.Consider that the Nxt distribution is a relatively simple case, most proof of stake tokens were distributed to many more accounts at the Genesis block. Ardor, for example, was distributed to more than 100,000 Nxt holders back in 2016. Still, I assume that getting a stake in the blockchain token larger than the forging power at the time of the Genesis block release is possible for a well-funded and powerful attacker like Bob against any proof of stake coin.Equipped with the Genesis block that is available to anyone after installing the Nxt software, and 20% of the stake at the time of the genesis block, Bob starts to forge his own malicious chain. Alas, nothing happens, all other Nxt nodes blacklist his node and any other node already using Bob’s fork. New users never connect to Bob’s node.It appears that the Nxt software implements several simple layers of protection against long-range attacks:The software itself is distributed with a list of bootstrap nodes known to be on the right fork at the time of the release.The Nxt software implements checkpoints of the state of the blockchain at given block heights. Any fork that does not reproduce this exact state is rejected.Transactions use pointers to existing blocks when submitted to the blockchain. These pointers prevent multiple forks from including the same transaction with different block histories.Nodes will never switch to another fork whose chain differs for more than 720 blocks. You can think of it as a rolling checkpoint.As we will see, none of these features provide foolproof protection alone, but put together, they make it very difficult to implement a long-range attack.In my previous article, I explained that it will be very difficult for Bob to create a new version of Nxt which does not implement these protections. Even if he does, other users are very unlikely to use his modified version of the software. Therefore, I conclude that Bob can use a modified version on his own nodes, but to effectively implement any attack against Nxt, he will need to cheat users using the official Nxt software without his modifications.With some effort, Bob can circumvent protection #1 and get his nodes into the list of bootstrap nodes provided with the product. He will need to setup some central nodes and follow the normal chain for a while until some of his nodes make it into the bootstrap list. It would be even more difficult to prevent other nodes from blacklisting his nodes once he starts his attack. Perhaps he can maintain two forks, one honest fork he will show existing nodes connecting to his node, and one malicious fork he will show new users. Implementation of this will be very tricky but still possible.This way, Bob can attract some new users to his malicious fork. Next, Bob will need to circumvent protection #2 - the built in checkpoints. This is impossible unless he can convince new users to use his version of the software, which we assume is unlikely. To workaround this, Bob can try to start his fork after the latest built-in checkpoint. Assuming the latest checkpoint is not too recent this might still be possible using some of the techniques above.Another weakness of Bob’s fork is that it won’t be able to accept existing transactions due to protection #3, which means his fork history will differ significantly from the real chain and this will be simple to detect using any block explorer.Finally, Bob won’t be able to trick existing nodes to move into his malicious fork due to protection #4, the rolling checkpoint.The worst damage Bob can cause is if he is able to convince a large exchange or business to use his fork. But exchanges and businesses can easily protect against this by checking their fork against a well-known block explorer, which is guaranteed to be on the right fork.Which brings up the question, can Bob implement a long-range attack in less than 720 blocks to override protection #4, the rolling checkpoint?For Bob’s attack against the Genesis block or some very old block height, users did not lose much by revealing old account passphrases to Bob. The problem with the short-range attack on recent blocks is that Bob cannot expect anyone to give up their current passphrase without payment. To create the short-range version of the long-range attack, Bob will need to purchase more tokens than the current forging stake, but if he does this, he can just implement a simple 51% attack.To summarize, long-range attack against proof of stake is a theoretical threat effectively mitigated using simple practical steps.PostfaceA common procedure for creating a private/public key pair is to base it on 12 words selected randomly from a dictionary of 1626 words. This is how the Nxt wallet generates a passphrase for a new account. There are roughly 3.41*10³⁸ combinations, slightly more than 2¹²⁸. In cryptographic terms, this provides 128 bits of security which is considered safe, even against quantum computers, forever.However, if someone can create memory cells from all the 10⁴⁹ Silicon atoms on Earth and use them to store a pre-image of all possible word combinations and their hashes, they can crack every private key based on its public key in a split second. Still, it is considered safe to use 128 bit keys and rightly so. The point is, we tend to accept algorithms as secure even when theoretical attacks against them exist. The same goes for the Nxt’s proof of stake algorithm.Investigating Long Range Attack was originally published in Hacker Noon on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Dec. 10, 2018, 5:23 p.m.
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TWITTER

RT @Ardorgate: Thank you @Nxter_org for adding us to https://t.co/wR6bfWfuOi


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RT @trifficworld: https://t.co/nCQ1HZmQ3Z Triffic is a groundbreaking augmented reality app that utilizes the Ardor blockchain to issue loy…


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RT @jrgros: Take a closer look at @Jelurida’s projects. Look deep into $Nxt, $Ardr, and $Ignis. https://t.co/i6VeG3oPYV


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Original #art behind #cryptocollectables of @TarascaD are up for #auction right now. Pay with $IGNIS or #AEUR. All… https://t.co/OaMTP0RhDW


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AEUR - blockchain token backed by EURO | NXTER.ORG



/r/Ardor
Dec. 10, 2018, 10:42 a.m.
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Are you ready for another #NxterPuzzle #giveaway? This week we'll spend with @trifficworld. Collect words, log in t… https://t.co/DV4fKsRzct


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A Week With Triffic

Lost your way? Stranded? Broke and unhappy? We are happy to announce this week's NxterPuzzle guest: James Malach! As the founder and CEO of the first company that will reward you with cryptocurrency for wandering clueless and lost around with a GPS app open, James should be able to run this week's giveaway. It will be raining ... Read more The post A Week With Triffic appeared first on NXTER.ORG.

Dec. 10, 2018, 9:20 a.m.
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RT @Nxter_org: @madfox1234 @m4kstep @Ardor_Nxt_Group Well done, ARDOR-TSKW-4JPV-83T9-9LCWT! Also grabbing the small bonus on 29-11-2018. ;)


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RT @CoinWatcherBot: Best returns (24h): 1. aelf +20.2% $ELF 2. Bitcoin Private +17.5% $BTCP 3. @NxtCommunity +13.3% $NXT #blockchain #altco…


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RT @antgrasso: Comparison of Blockchain Platforms. @TheCryptoWoman @MrV_777 via @antgrasso thx to @AvdiuSazan. #blockchain #cryptocurrencie…


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RT @TarascaD: Do you want to participate in the #Auctions? Here you have a simple tutorial to do it. #blockchainauctions $ARDR $Ignis $AEUR…


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RT @AvdiuSazan: Ardor is a backbone of a powerful ecosystem of assets, currencies, and most importantly #childchains. What #Ardor will even…


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We're #hiring even as many #blockchain projects downsize. We're welcoming #Java engineers, web/mobile #developers &… https://t.co/ovRybuoX3L


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If we are meant to see mass adoption of #blockchain technology, one thing is for certain: it is unrealistic to expe… https://t.co/TI9XlNMvCJ


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Looking for a distributed #cloud storage solution? #Ignis is here for you, backed by an immutable #blockchain ledge… https://t.co/wsiXDA4Xy4


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RT @hackernoon: FRIDAY’s TECH STORIES THAT MATTER: https://t.co/vgBY8GYQKJ https://t.co/RozvR1fpiP


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RT @wire_master: #blockchain tech is improving dramatically. Look at #Ardor and the new features introduced recently (eg #Lighweightcontrac…


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RT @TarascaD: Important announcement! We are going to #Auction the first five original physical paintings of the cards! What better gift co…


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Back from a short and well needed vacation in sunny Eilat. All systems are go! Looking forward to a great new year… https://t.co/Q8hLvvywb0


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David, thanks for referencing my article.

David, thanks for referencing my article. Minor correction, please note that in the article description “²²⁵⁵ hash operations.” should be “2²⁵⁵ hash operations.”

Dec. 7, 2018, 5:56 p.m.
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@Sir_Gelson @ConsenSys @itsamyjung EUR and CHF


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We're #hiring during the @Consensys firing! Join the only #blockchain platform w/ a working multi-chain, lightweigh… https://t.co/eZtktnyc9U


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Join our mailing list, stay up to date with all #Nxt #Ardor #Ignis news, upcoming events, #hackathons and software… https://t.co/amunk0dpxF


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An exciting #gamification app has been under development on #Ignis for the past year - find out how @trifficworld i… https://t.co/5ORGzPk5nH


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REDDIT

Just some small talk,

Hi everyone, So what are your opinions about the current state of the market? What will be te bottom? Will bitcoin pull te whole market to 0? Is the downside in bitcoin good for the long term in Ardor/ other coins? I have been in ardor since may 2017. Made some mistakes in the december rally, but i will never forget the experience i got. The life lessons. Like i said just some small talk in this reddit group.

/r/Ardor
Dec. 7, 2018, 6:18 a.m.
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